Sense And Nonsense About Crime Drugs and Communities 8th Edition – Test Bank

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Sense And Nonsense About Crime Drugs and Communities 8th Edition – Test Bank

Test Bank and Answer Key

TRUE/FALSE

1.Findings from Wolfgang’s landmark Delinquency in a Birth Cohort study contributed to a shift in crime control policy from specific to general incapacitation.

ANS: F

REF: 4-5—4-7

2.Wolfgang’s original findings have been confirmed by other cohort studies.

ANS: T

REF: 4-7—4-9

3.Prevalence of criminality refers to participation in crime while persistence refers to continuing criminal activity.

ANS: T

REF: 4-9—4-10

4.Wolfgang’s birth cohort study was published at a time when crime rates were slowly beginning to increase.

ANS: F

REF: 4-10

5.Identifying and selectively incapacitating chronic offenders was difficult before the evidence-based policy movement but has since become much easier.

ANS: F

REF: 4-19

6.Research indicates that the most accurate method of predicting chronic offending is the actuarial approach.

ANS: F

REF: 4-14—4-15

7.The Texas death row inmate study relied on the clinical evaluation method of prediction.

ANS: T

REF: 4-15—4-16

8.The Sentencing Commission’s evaluation of federal sentencing guidelines found that as criminal history scores increased so did recidivism rates.

ANS: T

REF: 4-16

9. The effectiveness of the Rand prediction scale was assessed by correlating predicting scores with inmates’ actual reported criminal behavior.

ANS: T

REF: 4-17

10. The method of estimating annual offending rates in the Rand Inmates Survey was a major advance over previous estimates because it relied on self-report data.

ANS: T

REF: 4-19—4-20

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Wolfgang’s birth cohort research found what percent of the original cohort had at least one officially recorded contact with the police?

a.	6%	c.	35%
b.	16%	d.	95%

ANS: C

REF: 4-5

2. One of the implications regarding Wolfgang’s use of officially recorded police contacts as the measure of delinquency noted in the chapter was that

a.	this data did not capture property or violent crimes committed on school grounds
b.	the racial bias of police in Philadelphia resulted in arrest records for more minorities than Caucasian boys in the cohort
c.	the prevalence of offending was likely higher since the data did not capture crimes unknown to police
d.	all of the above

ANS: C

REF: 4-6

3. Wolfgang’s Delinquency in a Birth Cohort research uncovered some important offending trends including which of the following?

a.	a small percentage of delinquents are responsible for the majority of all crimes
b.	reasons why most delinquents stop committing illegal acts at some point
c.	that most young males have at least one officially recorded act of violence
d.	failing liberal policies contributed to increased rates of chronic offending in the 1960s

ANS: A

REF: 4-6

4. Wolfgang labeled members of the cohort

a.	delinquents and recidivists
b.	low, medium, and high-rate offenders
c.	nonoffenders, part-time offenders, and repeaters
d.	one-time offenders, nonchronic recidivists, and chronic delinquents

ANS: D

REF: 4-5—4-6

5. Wolfgang’s follow-up study using a 1958 cohort found

a.	offenders in the 1958 cohort began their criminal careers at an earlier age than the 1945 cohort
b.	a small percentage of the cohort was chronic recidivists, but they committed more and more serious crimes than the 1945 cohort
c.	the same pattern in chronic offending held for both boys and girls
d.	the original study was a fluke as similar patterns in chronic offending were not identified

ANS: B

REF: 4-7—4-8

MAECENAS IACULIS

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